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Use a tape measure at the longest, widest, and deepest points. For irregular ponds, take multiple measurements and average them. Measure depth from the water surface to the bottom at the deepest point.
Accurate volume is critical for calculating medication doses, salt treatments, water change amounts, and stocking density. An incorrect volume can lead to underdosing (ineffective) or overdosing (dangerous to fish).
For irregular shapes, use the oval formula as an approximation with the longest and widest measurements. For very irregular shapes, you can also use the water meter method: note your meter reading, fill the pond, and note the difference.
A common guideline is 250 gallons per adult koi, though this varies by filtration capacity and experience level. Quarantine tanks are typically stocked much lighter at 1 fish per 100-150 gallons.
Always measure the inside dimensions of the pond at the water line. Outside measurements include wall thickness and will give you an overestimate, leading to inaccurate dosing calculations.